The even-dimensional root-existence branch: the quotient-first bridge #
The quotient-first route to RootEqSolvable in even dimension.
The route. Let K = F_{2^n} with n even, target (p,q) with p,q ≠ 0.
PointFrobenius.exists_gMap_preimageinverts the prime-to-3 factorGonE(K)directly (no algebraic closure), producingYwithG(Y) = t3 - P.Yis not3-torsion (sincet3 - Pisn't), soY = (x,y)withx,y ≠ 0.- Base-change
(x,y)toF = AlgebraicClosure K. - Pick any cube root
Wof(x+1)/(x+y)inFand buildTas inFermatCubic.explicit_quotient_coordinates: this gives a pointQ = (W,T)withQ + π Q = (x,y)_F, i.e.Qis a preimage of(x,y)_Funder the "quotient" mapid + π. - Since
Gand1 + πcommute (both are polynomials inπ), andGtransports along the base-change mapbasePt K F(which itself commutes withπ),(1 + π)(G(Q)) = G(Q + π Q) = G((x,y)_F) = (t3 - P)_F. Combined with the abstract factorization(1+π) ∘ G = 1 + π^k(Isogeny.gMap_factor), this gives(1 + π^k) Q = t3 - PoverF, i.e.phi k W T = PoverF. - The Frobenius-twist relation
π^n Q = Q + ptInf αneeded byexists_twisted_root_equationfollows fromQ + π QbeingK-rational (hence fixed by then-th Frobenius power) together withπ^ncommuting with1 + π: this putsπ^n Q - Qinker(1+π), which is exactly the three points at infinity (frobFixed_eq_ptInf, a small self-contained restatement that needs no kernel-split machinery). exists_twisted_root_equationgives the ambient twisted-root equation, and sinceW^3, T^3were built fromK-rational data before the cube root was chosen, they are alreadyalgebraMap-images of elements ofK— no fixed-field descent theorem is needed.
theorem
KasamiCyclicAdditive.EvenAssembly.frobFixed_eq_ptInf
{F : Type u_1}
[Field F]
[DecidableEq F]
[CharP F 2]
{C : (FermatCubic.fer F).toAffine.Point}
(hC : C + (PointFrobenius.frobPt F) C = 0)
:
∃ (a : F) (ha : a ^ 3 = 1), C = FermatCubic.ptInf a ha
If C is fixed by -π (i.e. C + π C = 0), then C is one of the three
points at infinity: ker(1 + π) = K0.
theorem
KasamiCyclicAdditive.rootEquationSolvable_even
{K : Type u_1}
[Field K]
[Fintype K]
[CharP K 2]
{n k m : ℕ}
(hn : Even n)
(hkn : k.Coprime n)
(hcard : Fintype.card K = 2 ^ n)
(he : 2 ^ k + 1 = 3 * m)
(hm : m.Coprime (2 ^ n - 1))
:
RootEqSolvable m K
The even branch: the quotient-first bridge. For even n the twisted
root equation is solvable at every affine Fermat target with nonzero
coordinates, by the route set out in the module docstring.